02
JAN
2026

Grey wolf (Canis lupus L.) cranium parameters: latest Bulgarian research in addition to data unification

K. Uzunowa1*, B. Koychev2
1Department of Animal husbandry – non-ruminant animals and special branches, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
2Department of Forest ecology, Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract.The numbers of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Europe have declined significantly and nowadays its range is fragmented. Many authors publish data about skull size but they are based on different measurements. Our study aims to unify these data based on the common parameters. Using “Google search” and books in English, Russian and Bulgarian, we have found information about cranium investigations of grey wolf populations in Europe and Asia. Common cranial parameters were extracted and presented separately for both sexes. The current study gathers already available information from Europe and Asia, adding the latest data from Bulgaria. Thus, our paper provides an opportunity for future craniological studies of geographic polymorphism in this species.