Economics Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B 5244 Idi Ayunre, Ibadan.
(Manuscript received 18 February 2025; accepted for publication 12 August 2025)
*email: yomoladokun@gmail.com
Abstract. Agriculture has been pivotal in Nigeria’s economic history, providing jobs and sustenance, especially through the export of cash crops since colonial times. This research delves into Nigeria’s agricultural landscape, focusing on key crops such as cocoa, cashew, kola, tea, and coffee, and the significant role of the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) in their development. Through desk research and data analysis from relevant literature, the study examines production trends, yield, and cultivation area between 1961 and 2021. The establishment of CRIN boosted the cultivation of these selected crops in Nigeria with contributions in areas regarding agronomic practices, site selection and development of clones and varieties. Cocoa and Kola production were observed to be very unstable over the years while cashew was less volatile compared to the other crops, coffee production declined significantly over time. The study identifies government policies, technology, climate change, and market dynamics as factors that are affecting production. The study stresses sustainable practices, value addition, and market diversification for sector resilience. Government initiatives like National Agricultural Export Development Program (NAEDEP) and Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) should be developed to ensure revitalization of agriculture for inclusive economic growth.