V. Georgieva

Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

(Manuscript received 11 February 2026; accepted for publication 5 March 2026)

*e-mail: vanya.georgieva.s@trakia-uni.bg

Abstract. In industrial livestock production the building is considered an essential factor for ensuring technological processes. Structural and technological elements are exposed to direct contact with manure and urine released by the animals. Manure is defined as an aggressive environment due to the presence of methane (CH₄), ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), nitrous oxide (N₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Data reported in the scientific literature indicate that elements subjected to such operating conditions exhibit a significant reduction in physico-mechanical properties. As a result of long-term operation, increased costs for maintenance and repair are observed. The floor is identified as one of the most deteriorated structural elements in livestock buildings. Studies and practical observations demonstrate that floor areas with damaged surfaces negatively affect animal hooves and lead to deterioration of the overall health status. A decrease in animal productivity is also reported. The aim of the present review is to investigate and analyse the existing non-destructive testing methods for assessment of the condition of concrete and reinforced concrete floors in livestock facilities. The results indicate that acoustic and electromagnetic methods, especially tomographic techniques provide the most reliable results under aggressive environmental conditions, whereas mechanical methods show limited applicability. For a more reliable structural assessment, the combined application of testing approaches is recommended.